Battle of the Atlantic Notes

troth of the Atlantic The involution of the Atlantic compete a very significant part in realism cont stopping point Two. In World War Two, after the escape atDunkirk and the inspiration of the Battle of Britain, the Battle of the Atlantic was Britains next nightmare. The Battle of the Atlantic was the only social occasion that ever frightened me. Winston Churchill. As an island Britain needed to bring in a vast amount of diet and military equipment to survive the war. The German hoagy force (U-boats) severely damaged our ability to survive the war because Churchills quote above when he feared we would be starved unwrap of the war.A great deal of our raw materials came from the States and therefore had to cross the Atlantic. In normal times this journey could be hazardous because of the weather just in the war the German submarines lead by Admiral Raeder turn up a very real threat. Nazi Germany estimated that they needed to sink cl merchant ships each month to starve us out. German submarines capture in what were called wolf-packs. British supply ships crossed in convoys and the ships that brought in our food etc. ere slacken and they could barely protect themselves. After leaving the States they were reasonably safe while in American water and they were likewise more than safe when they approached British waters as we could give the ships sensation plane cover. It was in the mid-Atlantic that we were at our most vulnerable and where to pass over with the U-boats could run riot. The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest battle in World War 2, which was fought in period from 1939 until the german defeat in 1945.It started in first days of war in 1939 when confederate forces decleared naval blockad to Germany, direct Germany launched counter rape. Struggles have led the greatest intensity from mid-1940 through to the end of 1943. At first in the fighting participated German Navy ( Kriegsmarine ) and German beam forces ( Luftwaffe )that at tacked Allied merchant ships and convoys. These convoys, which was often traveling from North America to Britain and the Soviet Union, they initially were protected by the British and Canadian navies and air forces.At the end of 1941 U. S. air and naval forces joined defense of the convoys. In June, 1940. Italian Royal Navy( Regia Marina )joined this fight on the German side. United Kingdom was higly unfree on imported goods, they need more than a million of haemorrhoid of a various materials per week to be able to deffend against German attacks. The Battle of the Atlantic was war for materials and supply routes, ally struggled to protect supply routes that provides Britain with goods that were involve for making all kind of defenses against German air attacks.The Battle of the Atlantic started at first day of war and lasted for six years. There was more than 1000 single-ship encounters and approximately 100 convoy fights, this battle involved thousands of ships and were fought o n more than thousands of square miles of ocean. The ultimate outcome of the battle was the Allied mastery and the defeat of Germany,both sides have suffered great losses, Germany lost 783 U-boats and about 28 000 sailors, as well they managed to destroy 3 500 merchant ships and 175 allied warships and about 30 000 allied sailors. War lasted from 3 September 1939 8 May 1945 (5 years, 8 months and 5 days) Because Britain was an Island it relied heavily on imported goods The Nazis axiom this and looked to attack and destroy and ships going into Britain Without supplies Britain would lose the war- Mission of Nazis The Nazi boats would attack in wolf packs (the U-boats attacked in large wolf-packs when a U-boat came across a convoy, it would radio its position to a number of other submarines, which would clam up in on the convoy.Then they would wait until nightfall and make surface attacks in numbers. On 18 October 1940, a pack of 6 Nazi U-boats attacked slow convoy SC7, drop 15 ships in 6 hours. close day, reinforced by three more U-boats, the pack attacked the 49-ship convoy HX-79, sinking 12 ships in one night) The USA tried to help Britain. In August 1940 the US gave Britain 50 destroyers in exchange for Atlantic naval bases The name Battle of the Atlantic was coined by Winston Churchill in February 1941.It has been called the longest, largest, and most interlinking naval battle in history. The situation changed constantly, with one side or the other gaining advantage, as new weapons, tactics, counter-measures, and equipment were developed by both sides. The Allies gradually gained the upper hand, overcoming German surface raiders by the end of 1942 (withdrawn on Hitlers orders) and defeating the U-boats by mid-1943, though losses to U-boats continued to wars end. Allies won because eight-spot things helped the Allies to stop the U-boat menace. . The work of the British encryptbreakers at Bletchley put in deciphering the German Enigma code was vit al in bragging(a) the Allied navies the edge in the Battle of the Atlantic. In February 1942, however, the German code was improved, resulting in the Drumbeat crisis when shipping losses were their greatest until March 1943, when the German code was again broken. 2. Sonar had been invented before World War I, nevertheless after 1942 the US Navy Department developed console sonar which could plot accurate bearings using an echo ping.Training of sonar operators was likewise improved. 3. Radar was improved so that U-boats could even be detected in bad weather. 4. The British developed HF/DF (huff-duff), whereby U-boats positions could be worked out from their radio transmissions. 5. Six aircraft carriers were sent to patrol the Atlantic, and this extended air cover to the undivided route convoys took. 6. Air depth-bombs were developed so that planes could attack U-boats under the water. 7.Weapons called porcupine and Squid were developed which allowed attack ships to catapult de pth-charges up to 300 yards in front of the ship. 8. The Allies set up hunter-killer groups of ships, including one aircraft carrier with a number of destroyer escorts, to hunt down and sink U-boats. Book information The Battle of the Atlantic by Andrew Williams Quotes from book- The U-Boats chief weapon was a surprise the undetected rush of a high-explosive torpedo Boats werent prepared for this new technology of underwater torpedoes.This made U-Boats very effective. ahead sailing, all U-Boats had been issued with strict orders to operate within the Prize Rules, the international agreements politics the conduct of war at sea. Merchant ships were to be stopped and searched if lay down to be carrying enemy cargo they could be sunk, but only after the crew had been safely into the lifeboats Again Submarines were really new, and they couldnt go by the rules that all the other ships had (Prize Rules), they could blow up a ship with pile still inside.